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When Italy began to take electric lighting seriously,
it did so
with a grand gesture.
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ln 1890 La Scala
presented the musical "BALLO EXCELSIOR" a production which fully
exploited the technology of the hour,
exhibiting the potential that electric lighting held for the dawning century. Making electric lighting part of daily life, however, moved much more slowly. Progress was hampered for several years by historical events, as international conflicts slowed the technology development of private industries. In any case, the production of lighting elements has always been a challange to designers, and one accepted with fascination and awe. The story of lighting design is the story of design itself. Complex and convoluted, the balance between form and fuction has always been a difficult issue. During the 192O's, for example, illumination technology was improved upon and standardized. But while for some designers and manufacturers, design was utilitarian, others contrasted greatly, employing the anthropomorphic and zoomorphic designs inspired by Art Nouveau and Art Deco, precisely for hiding the primary function of the lamp. The lighting fixture as a decorating accessory. The following years were marked by the functionalist period which pervaded over the fields of art, design and architecture. The lamp finally finds a unity during this period, a development fathered by designers Pietro Chiesa, the Castiglioni brothers and Gino Sarfatti as well as the enterprises of Fontana Arte, O-Luce, Artemide and Flos. With the passage of years and the events connected to the international success obtained by Italian design, a plethora of manufacturers and articles flooded the market, overloading it wtih an confusing array of designs, giving rise to the eclectic form-trends of the '8O's minimalism, post-modernism, primitive art, naif art, modern craftsmanship and resurgeance of Art Nouveau. Although these trends were wildly experimental and often met with little success, international acclaim around Italian lighting design never ceased.
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